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電路符號

場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)電(dian)路符(fu)號如圖所示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。其中(zhong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)圖形符(fu)號中(zhong)，豎直線(xian)(xian)(xian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)導(dao)電(dian)的(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)，豎直線(xian)(xian)(xian)頂部(bu)的(de)一條直角線(xian)(xian)(xian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)漏(lou)極(ji)(ji)d,豎直線(xian)(xian)(xian)底部(bu)的(de)一條直角線(xian)(xian)(xian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)源(yuan)(yuan)極(ji)(ji)s,豎直線(xian)(xian)(xian)左面帶(dai)(dai)箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)直線(xian)(xian)(xian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柵(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)g。同普通晶體(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一樣，箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)指(zhi)向表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從p型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)指(zhi)向n型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材料，從箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)指(zhi)向就可(ke)以知道(dao)(dao)是(shi)哪(na)種(zhong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)的(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。很(hen)顯然(ran)，圖形符(fu)號中(zhong)箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)指(zhi)向“溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)”,表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)n型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)；箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)背(bei)(bei)離“溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)”,表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)p型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。由于(yu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)源(yuan)(yuan)極(ji)(ji)s和(he)漏(lou)極(ji)(ji)d在(zai)制(zhi)造工藝上是(shi)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)的(de)，所以圖形符(fu)號畫(hua)法也很(hen)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)實際應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用中(zhong)這(zhe)兩個電(dian)極(ji)(ji)可(ke)以對(dui)(dui)換使用。在(zai)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)圖形符(fu)號中(zhong)，柵(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)g都不(bu)帶(dai)(dai)箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)，不(bu)與“溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)”豎直線(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)觸，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)柵(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)g與漏(lou)極(ji)(ji)d、源(yuan)(yuan)極(ji)(ji)s是(shi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)的(de)，以區別于(yu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。將(jiang)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)“箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)”改(gai)畫(hua)在(zai)“溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)”中(zhong)間表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“襯底”的(de)水(shui)平線(xian)(xian)(xian)上，即(ji)箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)指(zhi)向“溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)”,表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)n型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)；箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)背(bei)(bei)離“溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)”,表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)p型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。另外，箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)畫(hua)得短(duan)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)襯底無引出(chu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)；箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)畫(hua)得稍長，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)襯底有引出(chu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)；箭(jian)(jian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)與源(yuan)(yuan)極(ji)(ji)s相連，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)襯底在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)內部(bu)已經與源(yuan)(yuan)極(ji)(ji)連接(jie)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)增強(qiang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)，還將(jiang)“溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)”線(xian)(xian)(xian)畫(hua)成(cheng)3截，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)零(ling)柵(zha)(zha)壓下這(zhe)種(zhong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)是(shi)沒有導(dao)電(dian)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)的(de)，以區別于(yu)耗盡型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)mos管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。可(ke)見，掌握了場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)這(zhe)些(xie)圖形符(fu)號，就等于(yu)掌握了場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)種(zhong)類，這(zhe)對(dui)(dui)分(fen)析電(dian)路和(he)正確運用場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)都很(hen)重要。

圖(tu)場效(xiao)應晶體管的(de)符號(hao)

跟普通晶(jing)體三極管(guan)一樣，以(yi)前場(chang)效應晶(jing)體管(guan)的舊圖形符(fu)號均用(yong)圓(yuan)(yuan)圈(quan)表(biao)示(shi)外殼，現已廢棄(qi)不再畫(hua)出圓(yuan)(yuan)圈(quan)。不過(guo)我們翻閱以(yi)前的電路圖或圖書時，會看到帶(dai)有圓(yuan)(yuan)圈(quan)的場(chang)效應晶(jing)體管(guan)圖形符(fu)號。

場(chang)效應晶體(ti)(ti)管的(de)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)符(fu)號(hao)(hao)與普通(tong)晶體(ti)(ti)三極管的(de)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)符(fu)號(hao)(hao)相同，常(chang)用vt(舊(jiu)符(fu)號(hao)(hao)為bg)或v表示，在電路圖(tu)中常(chang)寫在圖(tu)形符(fu)號(hao)(hao)旁邊。若電路圖(tu)中有(you)多只同類元器件(jian)時，按常(chang)規(gui)就在文(wen)(wen)字(zi)后面或右(you)下角標上數(shu)字(zi)，以示區別，如vt1、vt2……文(wen)(wen)字(zi)符(fu)號(hao)(hao)的(de)下邊，一(yi)般(ban)標出場(chang)效應晶體(ti)(ti)管的(de)型號(hao)(hao)。

引腳識別

圖給(gei)出了(le)國產小功率場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應晶(jing)體管(guan)各(ge)引(yin)腳(jiao)的(de)排列位(wei)序。對于(yu)圖(a)所示(shi)的(de)金(jin)屬管(guan)帽封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)三引(yin)腳(jiao)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)狀場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應管(guan)，其(qi)(qi)管(guan)帽下有(you)(you)一個(ge)小凸口(kou)，把引(yin)腳(jiao)對著自(zi)己，從凸口(kou)開始沿順時(shi)針方向數(shu)，如果(guo)是結型(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應管(guan)，依次為(wei)(wei)源極(ji)(ji)(ji)s、漏極(ji)(ji)(ji)d和(he)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)g;如果(guo)是絕(jue)緣柵(zha)型(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應管(guan)，則依次為(wei)(wei)d、g和(he)s腳(jiao)。對于(yu)塑(su)料封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)半圓(yuan)柱(zhu)狀結型(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應管(guan)，其(qi)(qi)3個(ge)引(yin)線腳(jiao)呈“一字形”排列，面對標有(you)(you)型(xing)號的(de)一面，從左(zuo)到右依次為(wei)(wei)s、d、g腳(jiao)。對于(yu)圖(b)所示(shi)的(de)金(jin)屬管(guan)帽封(feng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)四引(yin)腳(jiao)絕(jue)緣柵(zha)型(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應管(guan)，其(qi)(qi)增加的(de)第(di)4引(yin)腳(jiao)有(you)(you)兩種可能：如果(guo)是普通增強型(xing)mos場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應管(guan)，則該腳(jiao)為(wei)(wei)“襯底”引(yin)腳(jiao)；如果(guo)是雙柵(zha)mos管(guan)，則該腳(jiao)為(wei)(wei)第(di)二(er)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)引(yin)腳(jiao)。

圖常用場效應(ying)晶體管(guan)的引腳識(shi)別

對于有4個引腳的結(jie)型場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應晶(jing)體(ti)管，其增加的第4腳一(yi)般是屏蔽極(使(shi)用中接地(di))。對于大功率(lv)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應晶(jing)體(ti)管，將管子有字(zi)面朝自己，引腳朝下，從左至(zhi)右(you)其引腳排列(lie)順(shun)序基本上都(dou)是“g、d、s”,并且散熱片(pian)接通d極。當遇到型號、封裝和引腳排列(lie)不熟悉的場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應晶(jing)體(ti)管時(shi)，就要(yao)查閱有關資(zi)料或(huo)用萬用表(biao)檢測(ce)辨認后(hou)再接入電路(lu)。

型號命名

國產小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)場(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)晶(jing)體管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)號(hao)(hao)一(yi)般由4個(ge)(ge)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)組成，如圖所(suo)示(shi)。第1部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)數字(zi)(zi)“3”或(huo)(huo)“4”,分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)表(biao)示(shi)有(you)(you)3個(ge)(ge)電(dian)極或(huo)(huo)4個(ge)(ge)電(dian)極(雙(shuang)(shuang)柵(zha)(zha)極場(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan));第2部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)字(zi)(zi)母“d”或(huo)(huo)“c”,分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)表(biao)示(shi)n型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)或(huo)(huo)p型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)；第3部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)字(zi)(zi)母“j”或(huo)(huo)“o”,分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)(bie)表(biao)示(shi)是(shi)結(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)還是(shi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)；第4部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)是(shi)阿拉伯數字(zi)(zi)(多后(hou)綴參(can)數分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)擋字(zi)(zi)母a～j),表(biao)示(shi)器件序(xu)號(hao)(hao)和(he)某些特(te)性參(can)數的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)等。例如：3dj6f表(biao)示(shi)n溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)結(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，3c01表(biao)示(shi)p溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)絕(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)(增(zeng)強型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))場(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，4d01a表(biao)示(shi)n溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)絕(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)(耗盡(jin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))雙(shuang)(shuang)柵(zha)(zha)場(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。還有(you)(you)些絕(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)場(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)晶(jing)體管(guan)(guan)(guan)，生產廠家在型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)號(hao)(hao)后(hou)面(mian)加有(you)(you)字(zi)(zi)母“b”(如3d01d-b),表(biao)示(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內對柵(zha)(zha)極加了保護措施。功(gong)(gong)率(lv)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)晶(jing)體管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)號(hao)(hao)命(ming)名多借用國外型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)號(hao)(hao)命(ming)名法，還有(you)(you)些是(shi)生產廠家自(zi)己命(ming)名的(de)。部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)國產小(xiao)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)場(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)晶(jing)體管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)號(hao)(hao)和(he)主要參(can)數見表(biao)。

圖(tu)場效應晶體管的型號標注實例(li)

國外生(sheng)產的(de)常見場效應(ying)晶體管型(xing)號有2sk11、3n128、bfw11、mfe3004、irfd120、bs170……其型(xing)號命名(ming)規則與同類晶體三極管一致，這里不再詳細介紹。

表 部分(fen)國產場(chang)效應晶體管的型(xing)號和主(zhu)要參數

主要參數

場效應(ying)晶體管的參(can)(can)數很多，包括直(zhi)流(liu)參(can)(can)數、交流(liu)參(can)(can)數和(he)極(ji)限參(can)(can)數，但一般使(shi)用時只需要關注以下幾項主(zhu)要參(can)(can)數。

①夾斷電壓(up)。這是指在(zai)規定的(de)漏(lou)極電壓us下，使漏(lou)極電流(liu)/。(即溝道(dao)電流(liu))為零或者小于某一小電流(liu)值(例如1μa、10μa)時，加在(zai)柵極上(shang)的(de)電壓ucs,它是結型或耗(hao)盡型絕緣柵場效應晶體管的(de)重要(yao)參數。

②開(kai)啟電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ur)。這是指當漏極電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)us為某一(yi)規(gui)定值時，使導(dao)電(dian)溝道(即漏、源極之(zhi)間)剛(gang)開(kai)始導(dao)通(tong)時的柵極電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)ucs,它是增強型場(chang)效應晶體(ti)管的重(zhong)要參數。當柵極電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)uos小于(yu)開(kai)啟電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)up的絕(jue)對值時，場(chang)效應晶體(ti)管不(bu)能(neng)導(dao)通(tong)。

③飽和漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(1oss)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)指當柵、源極(ji)短路(lu)(uss=0)時(shi)，一(yi)定的漏(lou)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓us(大于夾斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓)所(suo)引起的漏(lou)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)/%。飽和漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)反(fan)映了(le)零柵壓時(shi)原始溝道的導(dao)電(dian)(dian)能力，是(shi)(shi)耗盡(jin)型(xing)場效應(ying)晶體管(guan)的重(zhong)要參數。

④低頻跨(kua)(kua)導(gm)。在漏極電(dian)壓uos為規定值(zhi)時，漏極電(dian)流(liu)(liu)變化(hua)量(liang)(liang)△1。與(yu)引起這個變化(hua)的柵(zha)壓變化(hua)量(liang)(liang)△ucs的比值(zhi)，叫跨(kua)(kua)導(或互導),即gm=△/△uos。gm的常用(yong)單位是(shi)(shi)ms(毫西門(men)子(zi))。gm是(shi)(shi)衡量(liang)(liang)場效應(ying)晶(jing)體管柵(zha)極電(dian)壓對漏極電(dian)流(liu)(liu)控制能力強弱的一(yi)個參(can)數，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)衡量(liang)(liang)放大(da)作用(yong)的重要參(can)數，與(yu)晶(jing)體三極管的交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)放大(da)系數β相似。gm與(yu)管子(zi)的工作區域有關，漏極電(dian)流(liu)(liu)/,越(yue)大(da)，管子(zi)的跨(kua)(kua)導gm也(ye)越(yue)大(da)。

⑤漏源擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(buos)。這是指柵極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓uas一(yi)(yi)定(ding)時，場(chang)效(xiao)應晶體(ti)(ti)管正常工(gong)作所能承受的(de)最大漏極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，它相(xiang)當(dang)于普通晶體(ti)(ti)三(san)極(ji)管的(de)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)一(yi)(yi)發射極(ji)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓vericoo(即(ji)buceo)。這是一(yi)(yi)項極(ji)限(xian)參數，使用時加在場(chang)效(xiao)應晶體(ti)(ti)管上的(de)工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須小于buos。

⑥最大漏(lou)源電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(/osm)。這是指場效應晶(jing)體管正常工(gong)作(zuo)時，漏(lou)、源極之(zhi)間(jian)所允許(xu)通過的最大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，它相當于普通晶(jing)體三極管的/cm。場效應晶(jing)體管的工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)應超過這一極限參數。

⑦最(zui)大耗散(san)功率(ppsm)。這是指場(chang)(chang)效應晶(jing)體管性能(neng)不變壞時(shi)，所允許(xu)的(de)最(zui)大漏(lou)極(ji)耗散(san)功率，它相當(dang)于普(pu)通三極(ji)管的(de)pcx。使用時(shi)，場(chang)(chang)效應晶(jing)體管的(de)實際功耗(pp=uos×1o)應小于這一極(ji)限參數，并留有一定余量。

結構及特性

結(jie)型(xing)(xing)場效應晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體管(guan)或絕(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)場效應晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體管(guan)中，不同(tong)溝(gou)道的(de)(de)管(guan)子(zi)，其(qi)工作方式是一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)，它們內部(bu)的(de)(de)區別在于制造時所(suo)選用的(de)(de)硅材料類型(xing)(xing)正好(hao)相反，而外部(bu)的(de)(de)區別在于管(guan)子(zi)的(de)(de)工作電壓極(ji)性正好(hao)相反，這如同(tong)雙極(ji)型(xing)(xing)三極(ji)管(guan)有pnp型(xing)(xing)和npn型(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)。下面以n溝(gou)道結(jie)型(xing)(xing)場效應晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體管(guan)和n溝(gou)道絕(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)場效應晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體管(guan)為例，簡單介紹它們的(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)和基(ji)本特性。

n溝(gou)道結(jie)(jie)(jie)型(xing)場效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體管(jfet)的(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構如圖(tu)虛線框內所示，它是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)n型(xing)硅(gui)材料(liao)的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)端引(yin)出漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)d和(he)源(yuan)(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)s兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，又在(zai)(zai)硅(gui)材料(liao)的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)側各附一小片p型(xing)材料(liao)，在(zai)(zai)內部用導(dao)線把(ba)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)p區連接在(zai)(zai)一起，并引(yin)出一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)稱為(wei)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)g。這(zhe)樣，在(zai)(zai)n型(xing)硅(gui)材料(liao)和(he)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)g的(de)(de)交界處(chu)(chu)就(jiu)形(xing)成(cheng)了兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)pn結(jie)(jie)(jie)，因其中(zhong)的(de)(de)載流(liu)子已經耗(hao)(hao)(hao)盡(jin)(jin)，故這(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)pn結(jie)(jie)(jie)基(ji)本上是(shi)(shi)不導(dao)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)，形(xing)成(cheng)了所謂(wei)的(de)(de)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)盡(jin)(jin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)；而(er)(er)夾(jia)在(zai)(zai)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)盡(jin)(jin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)n型(xing)硅(gui)材料(liao)，由于(yu)(yu)呈現一定的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻，且(qie)能夠導(dao)電(dian)(dian)，被形(xing)象(xiang)地(di)稱為(wei)“溝(gou)道”。如果按(an)圖(tu)所示在(zai)(zai)漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)d、源(yuan)(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)s之間(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)上正向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)uos,就(jiu)會有(you)漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)/o從漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)d通過(guo)溝(gou)道流(liu)向(xiang)(xiang)源(yuan)(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)s,且(qie)隨著電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)uos的(de)(de)增加(jia)(jia)而(er)(er)增大。當給(gei)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)g加(jia)(jia)上負柵(zha)壓(ya)(ya)uss時(shi)，就(jiu)相當于(yu)(yu)給(gei)pn結(jie)(jie)(jie)加(jia)(jia)上了反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，從而(er)(er)使得(de)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)盡(jin)(jin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)變(bian)厚(hou)，溝(gou)道變(bian)窄，溝(gou)道電(dian)(dian)阻加(jia)(jia)大，漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)/,減小。當負柵(zha)壓(ya)(ya)繼續增加(jia)(jia)時(shi)，耗(hao)(hao)(hao)盡(jin)(jin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)就(jiu)會越來越厚(hou)，甚至使兩(liang)(liang)邊耗(hao)(hao)(hao)盡(jin)(jin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)(zai)溝(gou)道中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)相合，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)溝(gou)道消失，漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)/=0,這(zhe)種現象(xiang)稱為(wei)夾(jia)斷，這(zhe)時(shi)所加(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就(jiu)叫(jiao)夾(jia)斷電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)up。可(ke)見，結(jie)(jie)(jie)型(xing)場效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體管是(shi)(shi)利用導(dao)電(dian)(dian)溝(gou)道之間(jian)(jian)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)盡(jin)(jin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)大小來控(kong)制漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)，與普通晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體管的(de)(de)最大不同(tong)之處(chu)(chu)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)：它在(zai)(zai)工作時(shi)，柵(zha)、源(yuan)(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)(jian)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)pn結(jie)(jie)(jie)被反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)偏(pian)置(zhi)，因而(er)(er)輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)阻極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大，一般在(zai)(zai)107ω以上，這(zhe)使得(de)場效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體管成(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)控(kong)制器(qi)件(jian)(jian)，即(ji)漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)/.受(shou)控(kong)于(yu)(yu)柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)ucs;而(er)(er)普通晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管卻(que)是(shi)(shi)由一個(ge)反(fan)偏(pian)的(de)(de)集電(dian)(dian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)和(he)一個(ge)正偏(pian)的(de)(de)發(fa)射(she)結(jie)(jie)(jie)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合而(er)(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)控(kong)制器(qi)件(jian)(jian)，即(ji)在(zai)(zai)一定條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下，集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)/。受(shou)控(kong)于(yu)(yu)基(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)/o。

圖n溝道結型場效應(ying)晶體(ti)管工作示(shi)意圖

n溝道(dao)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)場(chang)效應(ying)(ying)管(guan)(jgfet)的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)如圖所示。用一(yi)塊雜(za)質濃度比較低的(de)(de)(de)p型(xing)(xing)薄硅片(pian)作為襯底，在(zai)(zai)它上面(mian)擴(kuo)散兩個(ge)高(gao)摻雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)n型(xing)(xing)區(qu)(n+區(qu)),分別作為源極(ji)(ji)s和(he)漏極(ji)(ji)d。在(zai)(zai)硅片(pian)表面(mian)覆蓋(gai)一(yi)層(ceng)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)物，然后再用金屬鋁引(yin)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)作為柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)g。由(you)于柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)g與其他(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間隔著(zhu)二氧化(hua)硅絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)層(ceng)，所以絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)場(chang)效應(ying)(ying)管(guan)因此得名。在(zai)(zai)制造管(guan)子時，通過工藝使絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)層(ceng)中出(chu)(chu)現(xian)大(da)(da)量正離子，故在(zai)(zai)交(jiao)界面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)側(ce)(p型(xing)(xing)硅)能感(gan)應(ying)(ying)出(chu)(chu)較多的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)，這些負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)把(ba)兩個(ge)n+區(qu)接通，就形成(cheng)了導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溝道(dao)(增強型(xing)(xing)管(guan)在(zai)(zai)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)g加上一(yi)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后才會形成(cheng)),即使在(zai)(zai)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)uos=0時，也會有較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)漏極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)/o。當柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)uss改變時，溝道(dao)內(nei)被感(gan)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)量也改變，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溝道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)寬窄隨之(zhi)而(er)變，因而(er)使漏極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)/。隨著(zhu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)而(er)變化(hua)。由(you)此可見(jian)，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)場(chang)效應(ying)(ying)管(guan)是利用絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)在(zai)(zai)外加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下所產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)來控制導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溝道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)寬窄，從而(er)實現(xian)對(dui)漏極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)/,的(de)(de)(de)控制，這和(he)結型(xing)(xing)場(chang)效應(ying)(ying)管(guan)是不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)，它的(de)(de)(de)輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻更(geng)是高(gao)達109ω以上。

圖 n溝道絕緣(yuan)柵場效應晶體管(guan)工作示意圖

絕緣(yuan)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)有(you)增(zeng)強(qiang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和耗盡(jin)(jin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之分。當(dang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)g和源(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)s之間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)ucs=0時(shi)，漏(lou)(lou)、源(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)就(jiu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，并(bing)能(neng)形成較大(da)漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)，稱為耗盡(jin)(jin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)；如(ru)果必須在(zai)(zai)|ussl>0的(de)(de)情況下才存(cun)在(zai)(zai)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，才會(hui)(hui)(hui)形成漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)，則稱為增(zeng)強(qiang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)。對于(yu)耗盡(jin)(jin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)來(lai)說，只(zhi)要漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)d與源(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)s上(shang)加(jia)(jia)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，即(ji)使(shi)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)ucs為零，在(zai)(zai)溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)(dao)中也(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)/。產(chan)生(sheng)。如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)加(jia)(jia)正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)(dao)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)變(bian)寬，漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)o會(hui)(hui)(hui)增(zeng)大(da)；反之，如(ru)果在(zai)(zai)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)加(jia)(jia)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)(dao)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)變(bian)窄，漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)便會(hui)(hui)(hui)減小。這跟n溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)(dao)結(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)場(chang)效(xiao)應管(guan)基本相同，不同之處在(zai)(zai)于(yu)結(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)僅能(neng)夠(gou)加(jia)(jia)負(fu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(p溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)(dao)結(jie)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)管(guan)僅能(neng)夠(gou)加(jia)(jia)正(zheng)(zheng)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya))。對于(yu)增(zeng)強(qiang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)管(guan)子，當(dang)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)ucs為零時(shi)，即(ji)使(shi)在(zai)(zai)漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)d和源(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)s之間(jian)還加(jia)(jia)著正(zheng)(zheng)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)uos,溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)(dao)中也(ye)不會(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過(guo)。如(ru)果給柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)g加(jia)(jia)上(shang)正(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，情況就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)發生(sheng)變(bian)化，溝(gou)(gou)道(dao)(dao)(dao)中就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)。一般(ban)使(shi)管(guan)子導(dao)通并(bing)開(kai)始產(chan)生(sheng)漏(lou)(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)/,時(shi)的(de)(de)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、源(yuan)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)uas,就(jiu)叫開(kai)啟電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)ut。

外形和種類

常(chang)見場效應(ying)晶體(ti)管(guan)的實物外形如(ru)圖所(suo)示。由圖可見，場效應(ying)晶體(ti)管(guan)的外形與普通三(san)極管(guan)別無兩樣(yang)，其封裝(zhuang)形式主(zhu)要有金屬殼封裝(zhuang)和塑料封裝(zhuang)兩大類，引腳一般有3根(gen)(gen)，特殊的有4根(gen)(gen)(雙柵(zha)極場效應(ying)管(guan))和6根(gen)(gen)(一個管(guan)殼內封裝(zhuang)兩只(zhi)場效應(ying)管(guan))。

圖場效應(ying)晶體管的實物外形圖

根據結構和制造(zao)工藝(yi)，場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)晶體(ti)管可(ke)分為結型(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)管(jfet)和絕緣柵場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)管(jgfet)兩(liang)大(da)類。如果按導電溝(gou)道(dao)(即電流通路)材料的(de)不同(tong)劃分，結型(xing)(xing)和絕緣柵型(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)管各有n溝(gou)道(dao)和p溝(gou)道(dao)兩(liang)種。按工作(zuo)方式劃分，結型(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)管均為耗盡(jin)(jin)型(xing)(xing)(柵偏壓為零(ling)時已存(cun)在溝(gou)道(dao)),而絕緣柵型(xing)(xing)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)管既有耗盡(jin)(jin)型(xing)(xing)，也(ye)有增強型(xing)(xing)(柵偏壓達到(dao)一(yi)定值(zhi)時才會出現溝(gou)道(dao))。場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)晶體(ti)管的(de)一(yi)般分類如下。

目前(qian)，在(zai)絕(jue)緣柵場(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)晶體(ti)管中(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)用(yong)最為廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)是(shi)“mos場(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)晶體(ti)管”(即：金(jin)屬-氧化(hua)物-半導(dao)體(ti)場(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)管),它是(shi)由(you)金(jin)屬、氧化(hua)物和半導(dao)體(ti)所(suo)組成的(de)(de)，簡稱“mos管”。常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)場(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)晶體(ti)管中(zhong)還(huan)有(you)雙柵極(ji)場(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)晶體(ti)管、絕(jue)緣柵雙極(ji)型場(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)晶體(ti)管(igbt),以及用(yong)途(tu)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)各種類型的(de)(de)功率場(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)晶體(ti)管等(deng)。

性能優良的場效應晶(jing)體管

場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)應(ying)晶(jing)體(ti)管(英(ying)文(wen)縮寫(xie)fet)簡稱場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)應(ying)管，顧(gu)名(ming)思義，它是利用(yong)電場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)效(xiao)應(ying)來控(kong)(kong)制電流(liu)的(de)(de)。場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)應(ying)晶(jing)體(ti)管是在普通晶(jing)體(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管制造工藝的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)開發(fa)出來的(de)(de)新一代(dai)放(fang)大器件，它有3個電極(ji)(ji)(ji)——柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)、漏(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)和源極(ji)(ji)(ji)，其特點是柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)內阻(zu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)高，采用(yong)二氧化硅材料(liao)的(de)(de)可(ke)達到上(shang)千兆(zhao)歐，通過柵(zha)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電壓(ya)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)制漏(lou)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電流(liu)，屬于(yu)電壓(ya)控(kong)(kong)制型(xing)半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)器件。由于(yu)晶(jing)體(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管內部(bu)參(can)加(jia)導(dao)(dao)電的(de)(de)載流(liu)子為(wei)空(kong)穴(xue)和電子兩種，所以晶(jing)體(ti)三(san)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管又稱為(wei)雙極(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)晶(jing)體(ti)管。而場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)應(ying)晶(jing)體(ti)管內部(bu)參(can)加(jia)導(dao)(dao)電的(de)(de)載流(liu)子只(zhi)有空(kong)穴(xue)或只(zhi)有電子一種，因此(ci)場(chang)(chang)效(xiao)應(ying)晶(jing)體(ti)管又稱為(wei)單極(ji)(ji)(ji)型(xing)晶(jing)體(ti)管。

場效應(ying)晶(jing)體管(guan)具有(you)輸(shu)入電阻高(10～1000mω)、噪(zao)聲(sheng)小、功(gong)耗低、動態范圍大(da)、易于(yu)集成(cheng)、沒有(you)二次(ci)擊(ji)穿(chuan)現象、安全工作區域寬(kuan)、熱穩定性(xing)好等優點，其一(yi)些(xie)特(te)性(xing)與電子管(guan)相似，現已成(cheng)為(wei)雙極型(xing)晶(jing)體管(guan)(尤(you)其是功(gong)率晶(jing)體管(guan))的強大(da)競(jing)爭者。